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Error Analysis

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  Error analysis in second language acquisition (SLA) is a systematic study of errors made by language learners to understand the learning process. It is mainly concerned with compilation, study and analysis of errors made by second language learners in their language production. It aims to identify the sources of errors and the patterns of their ocurrence. The analysis can be conducted on various language levels, including lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels. Errors, in language learning, are considered as a natural, inevitable and beneficial part of the language process. They provide crucial information for teachers about a student´s stage of development. During the process of learning a student goes through an "interlanguage" phase, which is the transitional linguistic system that mixes thei native language (L1) and the target language (L2). Modern pedagogy emphasizes in errors. Current teaching practices encourages in the creation of a safe...

Speak Clearly: When Does S Sound Like Z?

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  There are many words in English that are spelled using the letter s but end up making the z sound such as cousin, has, and season. These words should be pronounced like cuzin, haz, and seazon, but since there is no z sound in Spanish, Spanish speakers end up pronouncing the words as they are written. Since there’s no Z (as in zoo) in Spanish, the Z sound is often misplaced with an S, especially when it appears in the middle or end of words. The Z is the voiced pair of the S consonant sound. Basically, they are pronounced the same, except that for the fact that with the Z sound, the vocal cords are vibrating. It’s very easy to make this mistake since both sounds look and feel the same, except for the vibrations of the vocal cords .  This is also a result of the orthography. Since English, unlike Spanish, is not a phonetic language, many times the Z sound is represented by the letter ‘s’. In Spanish, the letter ‘s’ always represents an S sound. That creates an additional chall...

We had jellow yello at my yob.

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  When a Spanish speaker starts to learn English one of their most common mistakes is the mispronunciation of the Y (/j/) and the J (/dʒ/) at the beginning of a word. Spanish speakers confuse these two English sounds because they work differently in Spanish making them to switch places between sounds very often.  Yeísmo is a widespread phenomenon in Spanish language where "y" and "ll" are pronounced the same regardless of the specific regional variation. Its pronunciation is typically as the English Y (/j/) sound. In traditional Spanish, "ll" had a distinct sound but in most modern Spanish dialect this distinction has desappeard, leading to the neutralization of the sounds in speech. Spanish speakers usually pronounce the consonant Y as the sound /dʒ/: jes, jears, jellow Spanish speakers usually pronounce the consonante J as the sound /j/: yob, yoy, yust So... What is the difference between these two sounds? The key difference of both of these sounds is th...

The problem with the "E": Is it estudent or student?

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          The extra “e” This error is called epenthesis : adding an /e/ sound at the beginning of words. Since many Spanish words start with “es,” Spanish speakers often add an unnecessary “e” at the beginning of English words. For example, in Spanish we write especial, específico, España, etc., while in English the words are special, specific, and Spain. That’s why it’s common to hear an extra sound added to English words like esport, eschool, or estreet—but they should be sports, school, and street!  It is very common among Spanish speakers because in Spanish there are no words that begin with S + consonant without an initial vowel. Examples: student → “estudent” street → “estrit” school → “eschool” Why does this happen? In Spanish, all S + consonant clusters are written with a vowel in front: escuela, especial, estrella The Spanish-speaking brain automatically applies the same rule to English. How should it sound? The S is pronounced dir...

Did I hear seat or sit?

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A common mistake Spanish speakers make when learning English is the incorrect pronunciation of the vowels sound /i ː / and / ɪ / . In English, these two phonemes are clearly different, but in Spanish there is only one similar vowel sound, /i/ . As a result, many learners struggle to recognize and produce the contrast between the long and short sounds in English. Look the following comparison: Although these sounds are similar, each one is produced slightly differently. For example: /i/ (Spanish): The front of the tongue is positioned high in the mouth, close to the hard palate. /i ː / (English): The front of the tongue is raised to a position near fully close and fully front. The lips are spread.   / ɪ / (English): The tongue is slightly lower and more central than for /iː/. This vowel is short and lax. When Spanish speakers hear words like field and filled , or other minimal pairs, they often do not recognize the differences between the sound /iː/ or /ɪ/ . This is because S...

Conclusions

  Creating an educational blog about identifying pronunciation errors has been a very enriching experience. The process involved researching pronunciation errors, then analyzing them to select the four most common ones and structure the information. It was truly an interesting assignment because I had the opportunity to identify pronunciation errors, but also to learn the reasons why Spanish speakers mispronounce some words. During the blog creation process, I practiced the correct selection of information and exercises so that the structure would be coherent and functional, with each exercise helping to practice and correct those errors. I enjoyed the experience of combining theory with practice, so I hope to have the opportunity to teach my future students in this way. - Sayra Alvarado The early identification of errors when teaching a language is crucial. Errors can become fossilized in students of any age and can affect their long journey of learning a language...

References

  ABA English. (s. f.).  Verbos en inglés que empiezan por S . ABA English.  https://www.abaenglish.com/es/verbos-ingles/con-s/   ABA English (EN) Ali, A. (s.f.). Error Analysis | PPTX . Retreived from https://es.slideshare.net/slideshow/error-analysis-120696665/120696665 ELSA Speak. (2023, agosto 10).  Common English errors by Spanish speakers (Part 1) . Elsa Speak Blog.  https://blog.elsaspeak.com/en/common-english-errors-by-spanish-speakers-part-1/ English, R. (25 de august de 2015). Yellow vs. Jello - Rachel´s English . Retreived from   https://rachelsenglish.com/yellow-vs-jello/#mep_0 Gleason, J. (2012). Beaches and peaches: Common pronunciation errors among L1 Spanish speakers of English. En J. Levis & K. LeVelle (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching Conference, Sept. 2011 (pp. 205-215). Ames, IA: Iowa State University. Idayani, A., Satriani, E., Elmanisa, V., & Sailun, B. (2024)....